Nanotechnology-based controlled release of sustainable fertilizers. A review

Abstract The rising population is increasing food demand, yet actual crop production limited by the poor efficiency of classical fertilizers. In particular, only about 40–60% fertilizer nitrogen, 15–20% phosphorus and 50–60% potassium are used plants, rest ending polluting environment. Nanofertilizers promising alternatives. Here, we review plant nutrients, synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles, encapsulation nanoparticles in fertilizers, effect on plants.